Joint Venture… Subsidiary… What’s the Difference for Cartel Liability and Fines?

Laura Atlee, Apr 17, 2012

Parent liability in cartel infringement proceedings has been the focus of quite a number of our commentaries. Starting with the Akzo ruling, the EU Courts have tightened the noose around each and every parent company’s financial neck. When a parent company has a 100 percent shareholding in a subsidiary it is presumed (although it can in theory be rebutted) that: (i) the parent company has decisive influence over the subsidiary and (ii) the parent company in fa